Acts 1:1) is unlikely to be an outsider, and the large concluding section of his work deals with Paul’s trials and travels (21–28). It could be, in drawing attention to the Jewishness of Jesus, his birth and the importance of the fulfilment of prophecy, that Luke was writing in reaction to Marcion of Sinope. Marcion was the very influential heretic in the early second century, who rejected the Old Testament and ‘the bodily substance of Christ’.29 However, direct connections between Luke and Marcion